ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
A durable thermoplastic commonly used in FDM printing. Strong and heat-resistant but prone to warping without a heated bed and enclosure.
851 3D Printing Terms
GLOSSARY
OF TERMS
Plain-English definitions for 3D printing, scanning, and modeling terminology — from slicers and G-code to materials and post-processing.
A
22 TermsABS Soup
A DIY adhesive made by dissolving ABS filament in acetone, used to improve bed adhesion for ABS prints.
Accuracy (Dimensional Accuracy)
The closeness of a printed object’s dimensions to the intended CAD design. A key factor in precision manufacturing.
Adaptive Layer Height
A slicer feature that varies layer height depending on model geometry. Thinner layers for detailed areas, thicker for flat regions.
Additive Manufacturing
The process of building objects layer by layer from a digital file, often used interchangeably with 3D printing.
Adhesion Promoter
Substances like glue stick, hairspray, or specialized sheets used to help the first layer of a print stick to the build plate.
Air Print
When the printer continues its motions without extruding filament — often due to jams, runouts, or unprimed nozzles.
Algorithmic Modeling
The use of code or mathematical formulas to generate 3D geometry. Popular in generative and parametric design workflows.
All Metal Hotend
A hotend without PTFE components in the heat break. Allows higher temperatures and compatibility with abrasive or exotic filaments.
Ambient Temperature
The surrounding temperature during a print. It affects material cooling, warping, and overall print quality, especially with ABS.
Amorphous Polymer
Polymers that lack a crystalline structure. They soften over a range of temperatures rather than melting at a single point.
Anchor Support
A form of support structure added at key overhangs or corners to prevent sagging or shifting during printing.
Annealing
A post-processing technique where a printed part is heated (but not melted) to relieve stress and increase strength and heat resistance.
Anti-Aliasing (in Resin Printing)
A process used in resin printing to smooth edges by softening pixel boundaries, reducing stair-stepping artifacts.
Artifact (Print Artifact)
Unintended visual defects in a 3D print, such as blobs, zits, ringing, or ghosting, caused by mechanical or slicing issues.
ASCII STL
A human-readable version of the STL file format. Larger than binary STL and used for troubleshooting or compatibility.
Aspect Ratio
The proportional relationship between width and height of an object or image. Important in 3D scans or texture mapping.
Assembly Tolerance
The intentional spacing between parts in a model designed to fit together. Critical in mechanical prints and joints.
Auto Bed Leveling (ABL)
A printer feature where a probe or sensor maps the bed surface and adjusts the nozzle height to compensate for irregularities.
Axis (X, Y, Z)
The three directions of movement in 3D printing: X (left-right), Y (front-back), Z (up-down). Essential to printer mechanics.
Axis Calibration
Fine-tuning printer movement on each axis to correct dimensional errors, improve print quality, and ensure alignment.
Azimuth
In 3D scanning, refers to the angular position of the scanner in relation to the object. Important for accurate surface capture.
B
24 TermsB-Spline (Basis Spline)
A smooth curve defined mathematically, used in 3D modeling for flexible and precise surface creation in CAD or animation software.
Baby-stepping
Real-time micro-adjustment of the Z-offset during the first layer — often used on printers with live control features.
Bed Adhesion
The ability of the first layer of a print to stick to the build plate. Poor adhesion often leads to warping or failed prints.
Bed Levelling
The process of aligning the print bed to be parallel with the nozzle across its surface. Can be done manually or automatically.
Bed Temperature
The heat level of the build plate during printing. Helps control adhesion and prevent warping, especially in ABS or PETG prints.
Belt Tension
Refers to the tightness of belts that move the print head or bed. Incorrect tension can lead to layer shifts or artifacts.
Benchy
A popular benchmarking model shaped like a small boat. Designed to test overhangs, bridging, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish.
Bevel (in Modeling)
The process of smoothing out sharp edges or corners in a model, often used for aesthetics or to prevent structural weaknesses.
Binarization (in 3D Scanning)
The process of converting grayscale or color data from a scan into binary data (on/off) for edge detection and surface reconstruction.
Binary STL
A compact, non-human-readable version of the STL file format used to store 3D model data more efficiently than ASCII STL.
Binder Jetting
An additive manufacturing process that uses a liquid binding agent to bond powdered materials layer by layer.
Birdsnest
A catastrophic print failure where the filament extrudes into a messy, tangled nest — often due to poor adhesion or mid-print detachment.
Blob of Doom
A giant mass of melted filament that forms when a part detaches and the nozzle extrudes into mid-air unchecked.
Blobs (Print Blobs)
Small accumulations of excess filament on a print caused by inconsistent extrusion or retraction issues.
Boolean Mesh Error
An issue in 3D modeling where incorrectly combined objects cause non-manifold geometry, often making models unprintable.
Boolean Operation
A 3D modeling function used to combine or subtract objects (e.g., union, subtract, intersect) to create complex geometries.
Bowden Extruder
A type of FDM extruder where the motor is mounted away from the hotend, pushing filament through a PTFE tube. Reduces moving mass.
Bridge (Bridging)
The act of printing material across open gaps between two supports without touching the build plate. Requires proper cooling and tuning.
Brim
A wide ring of additional material printed around the base of a model to improve bed adhesion and reduce warping.
Bubbles (in Resin)
Air pockets trapped in resin before curing, which can cause weak spots or aesthetic defects in SLA/DLP prints.
Build Orientation
The direction in which a model is positioned on the print bed. Affects strength, surface finish, and support requirements.
Build Plate
The surface on which the 3D object is printed. Materials vary from glass and PEI to magnetic flexible steel sheets.
Build Volume
The maximum size of an object a 3D printer can produce, defined by the X, Y, and Z axis dimensions.
Burn-In Layers
In resin printing, the first few overexposed layers that improve adhesion to the build plate. Also called base layers.
C
25 TermsCAD (Computer-Aided Design)
Software used to design precise 3D models, which are later converted into printable formats like STL or OBJ.
Calibration
The process of fine-tuning printer settings (steps per mm, temperature, flow rate) to improve print accuracy and reliability.
Calicube
Short for calibration cube — usually a 20mm cube used for dimensional tuning. Often printed dozens of times by frustrated users.
Capton Tape
A high-temperature-resistant polyimide tape often used on heated beds to improve bed adhesion, especially with ABS.
Cartesian Printer
A type of 3D printer where movement occurs along X, Y, and Z linear axes — the most common type.
Chamfer
A beveled or angled edge on a model, typically used to ease sharp corners or to assist in printability.
Cheeto Dust
Orange filament residue left inside extruders or gear teeth after repeated use of low-quality PLA.
Chomping
The extruder gear biting too hard into filament, often grinding it flat and causing jams.
Click of Death
When the extruder motor makes a repetitive clicking sound — usually due to a clog, underheating, or over-retraction.
Clipping (3D Scanning)
The loss of data when part of the object falls outside the scanner’s range or depth-of-field, resulting in incomplete scans.
Closed-Loop System
A feedback system where sensors monitor the printer’s position and adjust in real time, reducing mechanical error.
Cloud Slicer
A slicing tool hosted online that allows users to slice and prepare G-code from any device with an internet connection.
Coating (Post-Processing)
The application of a finishing layer — such as epoxy, primer, or paint — to improve aesthetics or durability of a print.
Collision Detection (Modeling/Simulation)
Used in CAD and slicers to identify overlapping parts or potential print head crashes during simulation.
Compression Artifact
Visual or data distortion in a 3D scan or texture due to lossy compression formats like JPEG or MP
Conformal Cooling Channels
Cooling paths designed within molds or parts to match complex surface geometries. Often prototyped via 3D printing in tooling.
Contour (Layer Contour)
The outline of each printed layer. Contours are typically printed before infill and contribute to a model’s surface detail.
Cooling Fan (Part Cooling)
Used to cool extruded filament rapidly. Essential for printing overhangs, bridges, and fine details, especially with PLA.
CoreXY
A printer motion system design where two stepper motors work together for movement along X and Y axes, allowing fast, precise prints.
Creality
A popular manufacturer of consumer-grade 3D printers, such as the Ender and CR series, widely used for FDM printing.
Crusty Nozzle
A nozzle with charred filament buildup, affecting flow and print quality. Often requires a cold pull or torch cleaning.
Crystalline Polymer
A material with a well-defined melting point and ordered molecular structure, such as Nylon or PEEK.
Cura
An open-source slicing software developed by Ultimaker. Translates 3D models into G-code instructions for printers.
Curing (Resin Printing)
The process of hardening UV-sensitive resin using ultraviolet light, either during printing or post-processing.
Custom Support Structures
User-designed support systems in slicers or CAD software to manually control where supports are generated in a print.
D
24 TermsData Mesh (Scanned Model)
A 3D mesh composed of vertices, edges, and faces derived from point cloud data during the scan-to-model process.
De-rezzed Print
A distorted or failed print where the model appears melted, low-res, or warped — slang taken from video games.
Decimation (3D Modeling)
The process of reducing the polygon count of a 3D model while maintaining shape, often used for optimizing print files or scans.
Delamination
Layer separation in a printed part, often caused by incorrect temperatures, poor adhesion, or printing speed issues.
Delta Printer
A type of 3D printer that uses three vertical arms to control a single print head, known for fast, smooth curves and tall builds.
Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)
A design approach optimized specifically for 3D printing, accounting for support, orientation, and geometric freedom.
Detailing Brush (Post-Processing)
A tool used to manually remove resin residue or polish fine features on finished prints, especially in miniatures or figurines.
Die Swell
The tendency of extruded filament to expand slightly after leaving the nozzle, which can affect fine detail accuracy.
Digital Twin
A digital replica of a physical object used in simulations, analysis, or iterative design — common in 3D scanning workflows.
Dimensional Tolerance
The acceptable range of dimensional deviation in a printed part from the intended CAD model. Crucial for part compatibility.
Direct Drive Extruder
An extruder setup where the motor is mounted directly on the hotend, enabling better control for flexible or specialty filaments.
Dithering
A digital imaging technique used in 3D modeling to simulate gradients or detail by varying pixel or voxel density.
DLP (Digital Light Processing)
A resin-based 3D printing method that uses a digital projector to flash and cure entire layers at once, enabling fast, high-resolution prints.
Dome Artifact (in Scanning)
A distortion where the top of scanned objects appears flattened or bulged, often caused by low-angle coverage gaps.
Downtime (Printer)
Any period during which a printer is non-operational due to errors, maintenance, or setup — impacts throughput in production environments.
Draft Angle
A slight angle added to vertical walls in mold design or models to ease removal from supports or molds.
Draft Quality
A low-resolution, fast print setting used for rough prototypes or testing fit without using significant material or time.
Draft Shield
A thin wall printed around the model to block airflow and stabilize temperature, reducing warping on taller prints.
Drag Scar
A blemish on the print surface caused by the nozzle dragging over soft material during non-print moves.
Drool
Slow oozing from the nozzle when it's idle or heating up, often resulting in start-of-print blobs.
Dry Box
A humidity-controlled container used to store moisture-sensitive filaments like Nylon or TPU and prevent degradation.
Dry Run
Running a print without filament loaded to test motion paths, bed leveling, or tool changes.
Dual Extrusion
A printer feature that uses two nozzles or extruders, allowing multi-material or multi-color prints in a single job.
Ductility
A material’s ability to deform without breaking. Important in assessing the flexibility of 3D printed parts, especially with TPU or Nylon.
E
21 TermsE-Steps (Extruder Steps/mm)
A calibration value that determines how many motor steps are needed to extrude 1mm of filament. Essential for accurate extrusion.
Edge Bleed (Resin Printing)
A defect in resin prints where overexposure causes cured resin to “bleed” into adjacent areas, reducing detail sharpness.
Edge Loop (3D Modeling)
A continuous ring of connected edges in a mesh used to control geometry flow for sculpting or subdivision.
Elastic Modulus
A measure of a material's stiffness. Relevant when evaluating the mechanical performance of printed parts under stress.
Elephant's Foot
A common first-layer artifact where the base of a print is slightly bulged outward due to squished layers.
Elephant’s Foot
A print defect where the first few layers bulge outward due to over-compression on the bed. Caused by incorrect Z-offset or bed leveling.
Emissivity (in Scanning)
The effectiveness with which an object emits infrared energy. Influences the performance of some 3D scanning techniques.
Enclosure
A structure that surrounds a 3D printer to maintain ambient temperature, reduce noise, and contain fumes. Crucial for ABS and Nylon printing.
End-to-End Workflow
A fully integrated design-to-print pipeline involving modeling, slicing, printing, post-processing, and quality inspection.
Ender Series
A popular line of FDM 3D printers made by Creality, known for being affordable, hackable, and widely adopted by hobbyists.
Endstop
A small switch or sensor that tells the printer when an axis has reached its limit. Used for homing the print head.
Engineering-Grade Filament
High-performance materials like Nylon, Polycarbonate, or CF-reinforced polymers used in functional or load-bearing parts.
Engraving (Laser or Hybrid Prints)
The process of etching patterns or text onto a surface using a laser or integrated CNC head in hybrid fabrication machines.
Epoxy Coating
A post-processing step where an epoxy resin is brushed or poured onto a print to smooth surfaces and improve strength.
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
A vector graphics format sometimes used in 3D modeling workflows for profile cuts or laser engraving in hybrid print processes.
Export Format
The file format used to save and transfer 3D models (e.g., STL, OBJ, 3MF). Impacts printability and fidelity.
Exposure Time (Resin Printing)
The duration each layer is exposed to UV light in resin printing. Affects curing, layer adhesion, and print detail.
External Perimeters
The outermost lines of each layer in a print. Often printed slower to ensure dimensional precision and visual quality.
Extruder
The assembly responsible for pushing filament into the hotend. Can be direct drive or Bowden style.
Extrusion Multiplier (Flow Rate)
A slicer setting that adjusts how much filament is extruded. Used to fine-tune over- or under-extrusion issues.
Extrusion Width
The width of the printed line of filament laid down by the nozzle. Influences wall strength, infill density, and surface finish.
F
22 TermsFace (Mesh Face)
A flat surface bounded by edges in a 3D model. A mesh is composed of multiple triangular or quadrilateral faces.
Face Normals
The direction that a face on a 3D model is pointing. Incorrect normals can cause slicing errors or invisible surfaces.
Fan Duct (Part Cooling Duct)
A printed or attached part that channels airflow from the cooling fan directly to the nozzle or print area for improved bridging and overhangs.
FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)
A widely-used 3D printing process where thermoplastic filament is heated, extruded, and deposited layer by layer to form a part.
Feathering (Support Removal)
The technique of gradually reducing support density or thickness toward contact points to ease removal and minimize scarring.
Filament
Spool-based thermoplastic material used in FDM 3D printers. Common types include PLA, ABS, PETG, TPU, and Nylon.
Filament Farts
Tiny bubbles or pops heard when moisture-filled filament is extruded — signals the need for drying.
Fill Pattern
The geometric structure of the internal infill in a print — options include grid, honeycomb, gyroid, etc.
Fillet (3D Modeling)
A rounded internal or external edge applied in CAD to strengthen or improve aesthetics. Reduces stress concentration.
Finishing (Post-Processing)
The set of techniques applied to a printed part to improve its appearance or functionality — sanding, priming, painting, etc.
Fireball
A worst-case failure where heat runaway or wiring issues lead to a literal printer fire (rare, but the reason for thermal protection).
Firmware
Embedded software that controls the printer’s motion, temperature regulation, and user interface. Examples include Marlin, Klipper, and RepRap.
First Layer Height
The thickness of the initial print layer. Affects adhesion, print success, and surface smoothness of the print base.
FlashForge
A manufacturer of mid-range consumer and professional 3D printers known for reliable enclosed machines and slicer compatibility.
Flexible Filament
Elastomer-based materials like TPU or TPE that create soft, bendable parts. Requires slow printing and direct drive extruders.
Flow Artifact
Visible imperfections in a print surface caused by inconsistent extrusion, often appearing as ripples or bands.
Flow Compensation
An advanced slicing feature that adjusts extrusion based on model geometry to improve consistency and surface quality.
Flow Rate (Extrusion Multiplier)
The ratio of how much filament is extruded compared to what's expected. Tweaking this helps fix under- or over-extrusion issues.
Focal Length (3D Scanning)
The distance between the camera lens and sensor. In 3D scanners, it affects depth accuracy and field of view.
Frame (Printer Frame)
The physical chassis or structure that holds the printer components. Rigid frames reduce vibration and improve precision.
Friction Fit
A mechanical fit between two printed parts based on tight tolerances, allowing them to stay joined without glue or fasteners.
Fusion 360
A cloud-based CAD software by Autodesk used extensively for designing, modeling, simulation, and preparing models for 3D printing.
G
21 TermsG-code
The instruction language used by 3D printers to control motion, temperature, and extrusion. Generated by slicer software from 3D models.
Gantry
The moving structure that holds the print head or laser, particularly in Cartesian and CoreXY printers.
Gap Distance (Supports)
The vertical space between a support structure and the model. Affects how easily supports can be removed.
Gap Fill
A slicer function that fills in thin, internal gaps between walls that are too small for infill but too large to ignore.
Gear Drive Extruder
An extruder that uses a set of gears to push filament with more torque and precision, ideal for tough or flexible filaments.
Gear Ratio (Extruder)
The mechanical ratio between the stepper motor and the filament drive gear. Affects torque and precision in filament feeding.
Generative Design
A CAD workflow that uses AI to create optimized geometries based on constraints like strength, material usage, and weight.
Geometry Cleanup
The process of fixing modeling issues like holes, flipped normals, or non-manifold edges before slicing or exporting.
Ghosting (Ringing)
A print defect where echoes of sharp features appear nearby due to vibrations or loose belts during printing.
Glass Bed
A flat, smooth printing surface made of borosilicate or tempered glass. Offers excellent flatness and clean bottom layers.
Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
The temperature at which a polymer changes from rigid to rubbery. Important in selecting materials for thermal performance.
Glass-Filled Filament
Plastic filament infused with glass fibers to improve stiffness and dimensional stability. Common in engineering applications.
Gloop
A sticky adhesive (like Magigoo) used on the bed to improve first-layer adhesion.
Gradient Color Filament
A multicolored filament that transitions gradually between colors during printing, creating aesthetic effects without changing spools.
Gradient Mesh (Modeling)
A mesh with a gradual change in density or complexity, often used in sculpting or organic forms to preserve detail only where needed.
Granular Material (Powder Printing)
Powdered materials used in SLS or binder jetting technologies, such as nylon, alumide, or metal powders.
Grayscale Mapping (Scanning/Texturing)
A method used in 3D scanning or texture generation to capture surface variation as grayscale values for displacement or bump maps.
Grayscale Resin
A monochrome photopolymer resin used in resin printers that offers better visibility of fine details, especially for figurines and prototypes.
Grid Infill
A basic criss-cross pattern used as internal support in 3D prints. Easy to print and provides moderate strength.
Guide Rail
The smooth rods or linear rails that constrain the motion of the print bed or extruder along each axis.
Gyroid Infill
A 3D infill pattern with a continuous, organic lattice structure. Offers a strong strength-to-weight ratio and flexibility.
H
23 TermsHairy Print
A model covered in fine strings, like fur — especially common when printing thin towers or organic shapes.
Hardened Nozzle
A wear-resistant nozzle made from materials like steel or ruby, used for printing abrasive filaments like carbon fiber or glow-in-the-dark.
Hatch Distance
The spacing between lines of exposure in resin or powder-based printers. Affects resolution and print density.
Hatch Pattern (Slicing)
The fill strategy used by resin printers or laser sintering to cure or fuse each layer, typically done in linear or grid lines.
Heat Break
A component between the hotend and cold zone that prevents heat from creeping up the filament path, critical for clean extrusion.
Heat Creep
When heat travels too far up the heat break into the filament path, causing softening and potential jams, especially in PLA.
Heatbed Insulation
Material applied under a heated bed to reduce power consumption and improve heat-up time and temperature stability.
Heated Bed
A temperature-controlled build platform that helps with bed adhesion and reduces warping, especially for ABS, PETG, and Nylon.
Height Map (Auto-Leveling)
A stored topographical map of the bed surface created by probing multiple points to compensate for warps or unevenness.
High Temperature Resin
A class of photopolymer resins designed to withstand elevated temperatures. Used in molds, jigs, and functional parts.
High-Resolution Mesh
A 3D model with a dense polygon count, allowing for detailed surfaces and complex organic shapes — especially in sculpted models.
HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene)
A filament often used as dissolvable support for ABS prints. Dissolves in limonene and prints with similar temperatures to ABS.
Hollow Core (Support Design)
Support structures designed with hollow interiors to save material and improve removability, often used in tree or custom supports.
Hollowing
The modeling or slicing process of creating internal voids within a model to reduce material usage or resin pooling.
Homing
The printer’s process of moving the nozzle or bed to a known starting point, typically using endstops or sensors.
Horizontal Expansion (Slicer Setting)
Adjusts outer dimensions of a print to compensate for over- or under-extrusion, especially useful for fitting parts together.
Horizontal Surface Artifact
Unwanted marks or lines on the top layers of a print caused by inconsistent extrusion, cooling, or nozzle wiping.
Hot Snot
Uncontrolled blobs of filament that randomly appear during printing — often from retraction or nozzle contamination issues.
Hotend
The heated component of an FDM printer that melts the filament before extrusion. Includes the heater block, nozzle, and heat break.
Hulk Layer
A massively thick, over-extruded layer that looks like it was muscled onto the model — usually from bad slicer settings.
Hybrid Printing
A workflow that combines additive (3D printing) with subtractive (e.g., CNC milling) or decorative processes for precision or aesthetics.
Hygroscopic Material
A material that absorbs moisture from the air. Nylon and TPU are common examples and require dry storage or drying before printing.
Hysteresis
In mechanical terms, it refers to backlash or delayed response in printer movement, affecting dimensional accuracy and smoothness.
I
20 TermsIcon-Based UI (Printer Interface)
User interfaces that use graphical icons instead of text. Common in touchscreen 3D printers and slicers for accessibility.
Idle Temperature
The standby temperature for the hotend or heated bed when not actively printing. Helps avoid filament oozing or thermal stress.
Image-to-Model Conversion
The process of transforming 2D reference images into a 3D printable model using sculpting or photogrammetry techniques.
Import (Modeling Software)
The action of bringing external 3D files (e.g., STL, OBJ) into a modeling or slicing environment.
Incremental Movement
A control setting that moves the print head by fixed steps. Useful in manual calibration or positioning.
Independent Dual Extruder (IDEX)
A printer setup where two extruders operate independently, allowing for duplication, mirror mode, or multi-material printing without oozing.
Infill
The internal structure of a 3D print, used to add strength while minimizing material use. Common patterns include grid, gyroid, and honeycomb.
Infill Density
The percentage of interior fill inside a 3D print. Ranges from 0% (hollow) to 100% (solid), affecting weight and strength.
Initial Layer
The very first layer of a 3D print. Critical for successful adhesion and overall print quality.
Inset (Slicer Setting)
A function that allows internal perimeters to be offset or nested for strengthening walls or reducing print time.
Inspection Scan
A 3D scan performed to verify the dimensional accuracy of a manufactured part. Used in reverse engineering and QA workflows.
Interference Fit
A tight fit between two parts that relies on friction for assembly. Requires careful dimensional tuning in 3D printing.
Interlocking Parts
Design technique where two or more components are printed to fit or snap together without glue or screws.
Internal Support
Support structures generated inside hollow or complex models to stabilize overhangs and prevent internal collapse.
Inverse Kinematics (IK)
A mathematical method used in animation and robotic arms to calculate joint movements needed for specific end-point positions.
Inverse Normal
A modeling error where face normals point inward instead of outward. Causes visual and slicing problems.
Irregular Mesh
A 3D model that contains non-uniform or corrupted geometry. Can cause slicing errors and must be repaired before printing.
Island (Slicing)
A small, isolated part of a layer that prints without connection to other structures. Often needs supports to prevent failure.
ISO Tolerance (ISO 286)
A standardized system for specifying fit between parts. Used in precision engineering and 3D printing for ensuring part compatibility.
Isotropic
A material or structure that has uniform strength and properties in all directions. Most 3D prints are anisotropic unless processed or oriented carefully.
J
15 TermsJava-Based Slicer
Slicers like MatterControl or older versions of Repetier-Host that are built using Java libraries and run cross-platform.
Jerk (Motion Control)
A motion setting in 3D printers that determines how quickly a print head changes speed. Lower jerk reduces ringing; higher values increase speed.
Jetting (Material Jetting)
A 3D printing process similar to inkjet printing, where droplets of material are deposited layer by layer and cured with UV light.
Jig
A custom tool used to hold a part in place during manufacturing, assembly, or testing. 3D printing enables rapid jig fabrication for production environments.
Jiggle Artifact
Minor inconsistencies in layer alignment that appear as surface wobble, often caused by loose belts, wobbling Z-rods, or unstable beds.
Jog Dial / Jog Wheel
A rotary dial found on some 3D printers, used to navigate menus and control settings without a touchscreen.
Jog Distance (Printer Settings)
The preset step size (e.g., 1mm, 10mm) for each jog movement command in manual printer control.
Jog Mode
A printer interface function that allows manual control of the print head’s position along X, Y, or Z axes — used for setup or testing.
Join (Boolean Operation)
In modeling, this command merges two or more objects into a single mesh. Often used in STL prep before slicing.
Joining Tolerance
In multi-part assemblies, the allowance for snug or loose fitting between components, often adjusted via slicer compensation settings.
Joint (Modeling)
A mechanical or virtual connection between parts in a 3D model, often used for articulated or modular assemblies.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
A lightweight data format used in printer firmware configurations (e.g., Klipper or OctoPrint) and some cloud-based slicing APIs.
Junction Deviation
An advanced motion algorithm alternative to jerk, controlling how motion transitions between segments to improve smoothness and reduce vibration.
Just-In-Time (JIT) Manufacturing
A production strategy where parts are made only when needed, reducing inventory. 3D printing supports JIT by enabling on-demand fabrication.
Juxtaposition (Design Principle)
In modeling and 3D design, the artistic or functional contrast of shapes, materials, or textures to create visual or mechanical interest.
K
15 TermsKapton Tape
A heat-resistant polyimide tape often used on heated beds to improve adhesion for high-temperature materials like ABS or Nylon.
Keep-Out Zone
A design restriction area in part or assembly design where no geometry or movement should interfere. Crucial in mechanical assemblies.
Kerf
The width of material removed by a cutting or engraving tool. In laser-cutting or subtractive workflows, kerf must be accounted for in design tolerances.
Keyed Joint
A mechanical feature used to align or lock parts together using keys and slots — useful in modular 3D printed designs.
Keyframe (Animation/Simulation)
A saved pose or position in animation software. Used in 3D modeling for simulating part movement or generating presentation renders.
Keystoning (3D Scanning)
A scanning distortion where an object appears stretched or compressed due to angle error. Often corrected by calibration or alignment tools.
Kickplate (Printer Enclosure)
A removable or hinged panel at the base of an enclosed printer, often used for quick access to electronics or storage compartments.
Kickstart (Bed Heating)
A technique in custom firmware or G-code where the heated bed overshoots the target temperature to reduce warm-up time.
Kilogram (Filament Weight)
Standard unit of measurement for filament spools. A 1kg spool of PLA typically yields ~300–350 cubic inches of printed material.
Kinematics
The study of motion in mechanical systems. In 3D printers, it refers to the configuration and movement behavior of print heads (e.g., Cartesian, CoreXY, Delta).
Klipper
An open-source 3D printer firmware that offloads calculations from the printer's board to a Raspberry Pi or computer, enabling faster and more precise printing.
Kludge Fix
A messy but functional workaround (often printed) that solves a hardware problem temporarily.
Knife Tool (Modeling)
A CAD function used to manually slice geometry or add new edges and faces in a mesh model.
Knockback (Support Removal)
A technique used to gently separate supports from a model by applying minimal force with pliers or custom blades.
Knurling (Filament Drive Gear)
A textured pattern on the extruder’s drive gear that grips filament and pushes it into the hotend without slipping.
L
27 TermsL-Bracket (Mounting)
A right-angled bracket used to secure 3D printers, frames, or enclosure panels, often part of custom DIY printer builds.
Lamination (Composite Printing)
The technique of layering different materials, often seen in multi-material printing or carbon-fiber-reinforced extrusion.
Lap Joint
A type of connection between two overlapping parts. Common in 3D-printed assemblies, especially for strength or glue-based joints.
Lattice Optimization
The algorithmic generation of complex internal lattice structures based on mechanical or material constraints.
Lattice Structure
A repeating geometric pattern within a model, often used to reduce weight while maintaining strength. Common in engineering and orthopedic applications.
Layer Adhesion
The bonding between one layer and the next in a 3D print. Poor adhesion results in weak parts and delamination.
Layer Cooling
The active cooling of newly extruded filament using a fan, important for small parts, overhangs, and bridging.
Layer Height
The vertical thickness of each printed layer. Lower values (e.g., 0.1mm) yield finer details, while higher values (e.g., 0.3mm) print faster.
Layer Line
Visible ridges between printed layers, particularly in FDM printing. Often minimized through sanding or post-processing.
Layer Pancake
The first layer being overly squished and spread out. May look clean but causes dimensional inaccuracy.
Layer Shifting
A print defect where successive layers are misaligned, often due to mechanical slippage, loose belts, or motor skips.
Layer Time
The duration needed to print a single layer. In resin printing, minimum layer times are critical to avoid heat accumulation or curing errors.
Lead Screw
A threaded rod used in Z-axis motion systems. Provides precision but can cause Z-wobble if not properly aligned.
Leveling (Bed Leveling)
The act of ensuring the print bed is perfectly parallel to the nozzle, critical for successful first layers.
Lifting Speed (Resin Printing)
The speed at which the build plate raises after each layer. Affects suction forces and layer adhesion.
Light Curing
The process by which photopolymers are hardened with UV light, common in SLA, DLP, and MSLA printing.
Light Engine (DLP/MSLA)
The part of a resin printer that projects UV light — includes LCD masks, LEDs, or digital micromirror devices (DMDs).
Limit Switch
A physical or magnetic switch that detects when an axis has reached its end, used in homing and motion control.
Linear Advance
A firmware feature that compensates for pressure buildup in the nozzle during acceleration and deceleration to improve extrusion consistency.
Linear Motion System
The mechanism that moves the print head or bed in straight lines. Includes rods, rails, bearings, belts, or lead screws.
Lithophane
A 3D-printed object that reveals an image when backlit, created by converting grayscale images into varying thicknesses.
Load Cell
A sensor that measures force or pressure — used in auto bed leveling systems like Prusa’s SuperPINDA or Bambu Lab's strain sensors.
Locking Tolerance
A design setting that ensures parts click or snap together — used in friction-fit joints or printable hinges.
Loft (Modeling Tool)
A CAD feature that creates a solid shape between two or more cross-sectional profiles, useful for creating organic or flowing shapes.
Loop (Filament Path)
The curved section of filament between the extruder gear and nozzle or Bowden tube. Can influence tension and flow behavior.
LulzBot
A brand of open-source 3D printers known for durability, modding capability, and professional use.
Lumen (Scanner Term)
A measurement of brightness used in 3D scanners that employ structured light or projectors. Affects surface readability in bright environments.
M
41 TermsM-Code
Supplemental commands in G-code that control machine behavior such as fan speeds, motors, or temperature hold.
Machine Code (G-code)
The set of instructions that control a 3D printer’s movements, temperatures, and operations during printing.
Magnetic Bed
A flexible and removable build surface that uses magnets for easy print removal. Often paired with PEI or textured sheets.
Magnetic Encoder
A sensor used in high-end printers for precision motion tracking by reading magnetic fields, improving position feedback and repeatability.
Manual Bed Leveling
The process of physically adjusting bed screws to achieve an even build surface — often guided by paper or feeler gauge.
Manual Support
Supports added manually in CAD or slicer software to control placement for ease of removal or preservation of detail.
Masking (in MSLA/DLP)
The use of a digital or LCD mask to selectively expose resin to UV light during each layer cure.
Material Jetting
A 3D printing technology that deposits droplets of photopolymer material layer-by-layer, curing each layer with UV light.
Material Shrinkage
The reduction in volume of a printed part as it cools. Needs to be compensated in CAD or slicer to ensure dimensional accuracy.
Meatball Mode
Printing with overly high flow rate, resulting in lumpy, droopy parts — looks like spaghetti and meatballs.
Mechanical Fit
The classification of part fit (clearance, interference, press-fit) in multi-component assemblies, adjusted via tolerance settings.
Mechanical Properties
A set of performance characteristics (e.g., tensile strength, flexibility, impact resistance) of a printed part or material.
Melt Flow Index (MFI)
A measure of how easily a material flows when melted. Impacts nozzle performance, layer bonding, and material selection.
Melt Zone
The area inside the hotend where filament transitions from solid to liquid. Its length and shape affect extrusion behavior.
Mesh
A 3D model made up of vertices, edges, and faces, typically in STL or OBJ format. Used for slicing and printing.
Mesh Artifact
Unwanted geometry or noise in a scanned or processed mesh. Must be cleaned or smoothed before slicing.
Mesh Decimation
The process of reducing the polygon count of a 3D mesh while preserving its shape. Important for optimizing scans or sculpted models for printing.
Mesh Density
The number of faces in a model's mesh. Higher density increases detail but may impact slicing speed and file size.
Mesh Mixer (Software)
A free Autodesk software tool used to repair, sculpt, hollow, and modify STL files — popular for model prep.
Metadata (Scanning Files)
Supplemental data embedded in 3D scans or model files, such as scale, capture date, or scanner settings.
Metal Filament
Composite filaments that combine thermoplastic with fine metal particles (bronze, copper, steel) for aesthetic or post-processing finishes.
Micron (μm)
A unit of measurement equal to one-thousandth of a millimeter. Used to describe layer height, scan resolution, or tolerance.
Microstepping
A technique used by stepper motor drivers to increase movement resolution, resulting in smoother prints and quieter operation.
Minimum Layer Time
A slicer setting that ensures enough cooling time between layers. Critical for avoiding drooping on small parts.
Mirror Mode
A feature of IDEX printers where the second extruder mirrors the actions of the first, enabling symmetrical parts to print simultaneously.
Model Orientation
The angle at which a part is placed on the build plate. Affects print quality, strength, support needs, and print time.
Model Repair
The process of correcting errors in a mesh file — such as holes, inverted normals, or non-manifold edges — before printing.
Modeling Clay (Digital)
A sculpting metaphor used in software like ZBrush or Blender where users “push” and “pull” geometry like clay.
Modular Design
A modeling strategy that breaks complex objects into printable parts that can be assembled post-printing.
Moisture Absorption
The tendency of hygroscopic filaments like Nylon, TPU, and PETG to absorb moisture, leading to bubbling, stringing, and weak prints.
Molding (Hybrid Process)
Combining 3D-printed molds with traditional casting materials like silicone, epoxy, or concrete for batch production.
Monofilament
A single-strand thermoplastic filament used in FDM printing. Usually comes in 1.75mm or 2.85mm diameters.
Motion System
The combination of belts, pulleys, rails, and motors that controls how the print head or bed moves across X, Y, and Z.
Mounting Hole
A design feature often included in mechanical prints to allow fasteners, screws, or dowels to secure parts together.
MSLA (Masked Stereolithography)
A resin printing method where UV light passes through an LCD screen mask to cure entire layers at once. Faster than SLA.
Multi-Lens Scanner
A 3D scanning device that uses several lenses or sensors simultaneously to capture complex geometries or undercuts.
Multi-Material Printing
The process of using more than one material in a single print job, often requiring dual extruders or IDEX setups.
Multi-Part Assembly
A print design that involves multiple interlocking or stackable components, often requiring attention to fit tolerances.
Multi-View Alignment
A scanning technique where scans from different angles are digitally aligned to form a complete 3D model.
Multi-Zone Heating (Build Plate)
Advanced heated beds divided into multiple controllable zones for precise thermal management, useful in large-format printers.
Multishell Modeling
A design approach involving multiple discrete shells within a single model, often used in resin prints to reduce suction.
N
26 TermsNegative Space Modeling
A design technique where the absence of material is used to define shape — commonly used for molds or light diffusers.
Negative Tolerance
A tight or overlapping fit between parts, often used for press-fit or interference-fit connections.
Negative Volume
Space within a model designed to be hollow or act as a void. Critical in creating channels or internal cavities.
NEMA (Stepper Motors)
A standard sizing system for stepper motors. Most printers use NEMA 17 motors for X/Y/Z and extruder movement.
Nesting (Model Arrangement)
The process of efficiently arranging multiple parts within the build volume to optimize material use and print time.
Network-Enabled Printer
A 3D printer capable of connecting via Wi-Fi or Ethernet for remote monitoring, slicing, or firmware updates.
Neutral Axis (Mechanical Analysis)
The zone in a flexed part that experiences no tension or compression. Used in FEA simulation of printed parts.
Neutral File Format
A cross-platform file type such as STL, OBJ, or 3MF, used to preserve model geometry when sharing between different software.
Node (3D Modeling)
A control point in CAD software used to define geometry or guide parametric and spline-based modeling tools.
Noise Artifact (Scanning)
Visual distortion in 3D scans caused by sensor misreadings, poor lighting, or reflective surfaces.
Noise Filtering (Firmware)
A function in advanced firmware that reduces motor "ringing" or ghosting by dampening high-frequency movements.
Non-Manifold Geometry
An error in 3D models where edges or vertices are shared in impossible ways, making the model unprintable without repair.
Non-Planar Printing
An advanced technique where layer paths follow curved surfaces instead of flat slices. Reduces layer lines and improves strength.
Normal Map
A texture file used in 3D modeling to fake surface detail by manipulating lighting without changing geometry.
Notch (Mechanical Design)
A small groove or cutout in a part, often used to align, interlock, or relieve stress.
Nozzle
The metal tip of a hotend through which melted filament is extruded. Available in various diameters and materials (brass, steel, ruby).
Nozzle Clogging
A print-halting issue where filament stops flowing, caused by debris, cold pulls, heat creep, or degraded filament.
Nozzle Diameter
The internal opening of a nozzle (e.g., 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm). Affects resolution, print speed, and extrusion width.
Nozzle Fan (Hotend Cooling)
A fan dedicated to cooling the cold side of the hotend to prevent heat creep and filament softening.
Nozzle Offset (Z-offset)
The distance between the nozzle and the bed surface. Accurate Z-offset ensures proper first-layer adhesion.
Nozzle Retraction
The act of pulling filament back during non-print moves to reduce stringing and oozing. Controlled by slicer settings.
Nozzle Snot
Residue that builds up on the nozzle tip and gets dragged across prints, ruining surface quality.
Nozzle Temperature
The set temperature of the hotend during printing. Varies based on material (e.g., PLA ~200°C, Nylon ~260°C).
Nozzle Wipe
A printer action where the nozzle is cleaned off on a purge line or wipe tower to prevent blobs or stringing.
Nylon
A strong, flexible, and abrasion-resistant filament. Ideal for functional parts but requires high temperatures and dry storage.
Nylon Composite
Filament that combines Nylon with materials like carbon fiber or glass fiber to enhance stiffness, dimensional stability, and wear resistance.
O
26 TermsOBJ (Object File Format)
A 3D model file format that includes geometry, color, and texture data. Widely supported in modeling and slicing software.
Object Scaling
The process of resizing a model in X, Y, or Z axes — uniformly or non-uniformly — before slicing.
Object Shell
The visible outer layer of a model. Affected by shell thickness and perimeter count in slicer settings.
OctoPrint
An open-source web interface for remote monitoring and control of 3D printers. Offers plugins for timelapses, G-code previews, and print stats.
Offset (Print or Design Offset)
The intentional adjustment of a model's dimensions — commonly used to fine-tune tolerances for fitting parts.
On-the-Fly Slicing
A feature in cloud-connected printers that allows slicing to be performed just before printing, enabling dynamic adjustments.
One-Piece Print
A model printed as a single unit, often with integrated hinges or joints, eliminating assembly.
OozeBlob
A large blob of filament that forms when a nozzle idles too long in one spot. May stick to the nozzle and ruin the next layer.
Oozing
Unwanted filament extrusion during travel moves or idling, resulting in stringing or surface blemishes.
Opaque Resin
A photopolymer resin that fully blocks light. Used for solid color prints and for parts that do not need translucency.
Open Frame Printer
A 3D printer without an enclosure. Easier to access but more sensitive to drafts, noise, and temperature fluctuations.
Open Source Firmware
3D printer control software (e.g., Marlin, Klipper, RepRap) that is freely available and customizable.
OpenSCAD
A script-based CAD modeling tool where geometry is defined programmatically. Ideal for parametric design and customization.
Operator Panel
The user interface of a printer, often touchscreen-based, where settings are adjusted and prints are started/stopped.
Optical Scanner
A device that uses light (structured light or laser) to capture 3D geometry. Used in reverse engineering and facial scans.
Optimized Supports
Automatically generated or user-adjusted supports that reduce contact area while maintaining print stability.
Organic Modeling
A sculpting-based approach to 3D modeling focused on natural, flowing forms — common in character and concept art.
Orientation (Build Orientation)
The position in which a model is placed on the build plate. Affects strength, print time, surface quality, and support requirements.
Oscillation Artifact
A repeating print defect caused by excessive jerk or acceleration settings, typically visible near corners or sharp transitions.
Outer Wall (Shell/Perimeter)
The external layer(s) of a 3D print. Controls surface finish, dimensional accuracy, and structural strength.
Outgassing
The release of gases from filament or resin during printing. Ventilation is recommended to reduce exposure to fumes, especially with ABS or SLA.
Outward Normal
The correct direction for mesh faces to ensure visibility and slicer compatibility. Inverted normals can result in hollow or missing geometry.
Over-Extrusion
When too much filament is deposited, causing bulging, zits, and poor surface finish.
Overcuring (Resin Printing)
Exposing resin layers for too long, resulting in bloated features, loss of fine detail, or fused supports.
Overhang
A part of a model that extends beyond the layer beneath it. Overhangs typically require support structures if the angle exceeds 45°.
Overlapping Mesh
A modeling issue where two parts of a mesh occupy the same space. Must be corrected to prevent slicing anomalies.
P
57 TermsPaddle Mixer (Resin)
A stirrer used to mix resin in the vat before printing to ensure pigment and photoinitiators are evenly distributed.
Paint-on Supports
A slicer feature allowing manual support placement by painting areas directly onto the 3D model.
Parameterization
A CAD method for assigning dimensions to geometry using variables, allowing scalable and modifiable models.
Parametric Modeling
CAD design approach where dimensions and geometry are driven by variables or formulas. Allows easy customization.
Part Cooling Fan
A fan dedicated to solidifying extruded filament rapidly, especially important for PLA, overhangs, and small layers.
Part Orientation Optimization
Software-assisted adjustment of model placement to minimize support, improve strength, or reduce time.
Particle-Filled Resin
Photopolymer mixed with glass, ceramic, or metal particles to enhance mechanical or aesthetic properties.
Passive Cooling
Cooling through ambient air without active fans. Often used in enclosure design or silent printer builds.
Path Planning
How the slicer determines the toolpath for extrusion. Affects quality, efficiency, and time.
Pause-at-Layer
A slicer feature that inserts a pause command at a specific height — useful for color changes or embedded objects.
PBR (Physically Based Rendering)
A material setup in modeling where surface appearance simulates real-world lighting and materials. Useful for product visualization.
Peak Layer Time
The longest time any single layer took during a print job — useful for diagnosing thermal creep or curling.
PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone)
An ultra-high-performance thermoplastic used in aerospace and medical parts. Requires specialized hardware.
Peel Forces (Resin Printing)
The suction or pull generated when a cured layer is lifted from the vat. Affects layer adhesion and success rate.
PEI Sheet
A popular print surface (polyetherimide) known for excellent adhesion without additional aids. Used with heated beds.
Perforation Lines
Thin connecting lines added for breaking rafts or support easily post-print.
Perimeter (Shell)
The outermost line(s) of each printed layer. Affects surface finish and strength.
PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)
A filament that balances the strength of ABS with the ease of PLA. Durable, water-resistant, and food-safe in some grades.
Photopolymer
Light-sensitive resin used in SLA, DLP, and MSLA printing. Hardens when exposed to UV or visible light.
Physical Calibration Cube
A benchmark test print (commonly 20×20×20mm) used to evaluate print accuracy and stepper tuning.
PID Tuning
A calibration process that optimizes heater response (hotend/bed) to prevent temperature fluctuations.
Pillowing
A surface defect on top layers caused by insufficient infill or poor cooling — resembles soft bumps or craters.
Piston Pump (Resin Vat)
A component in industrial SLA machines that cycles resin through the vat for layer renewal.
Pivot Joint
A functional design feature in print-in-place parts, allowing rotation along a central axis.
PLA (Polylactic Acid)
A biodegradable, plant-based filament known for ease of use, low warping, and minimal odor. Ideal for beginners and prototypes.
PLA+
An enhanced version of PLA with additives for improved toughness, heat resistance, and surface finish.
Plastic Angel Hair
Ultra-fine stringing that covers the print like a spiderweb — common with overheated or wet filament.
Platform Adhesion Type
Slicer setting defining how a print adheres to the bed: skirt, brim, raft.
Plug-In (Slicer/OctoPrint)
An add-on feature that expands functionality, such as custom support generation, webcam control, or AI defect detection.
Pockets (CAD)
Recessed areas in a model, often used in tooling, mold-making, or embedded hardware.
Polyamide (Nylon)
A filament type known for its strength, flexibility, and wear resistance. Hygroscopic and requires dry storage.
Polycarbonate (PC)
A strong, high-temperature-resistant filament used for engineering applications. Requires high nozzle and bed temperatures.
Polyflex
A commercial brand of TPU filament known for high elasticity and print quality.
Polypropylene (PP)
A flexible and chemical-resistant filament used in packaging and medical applications. Difficult to print due to warping.
Poop
Unwanted blobs, strings, or purge material that accumulates on the nozzle, purge tower, or bed. Harmless in small amounts, but may ruin surface finish.
Poop (3D Printing Slang)
An informal term used by hobbyists to describe unwanted blobs, strings, or failed extrusions of filament that accumulate on the nozzle, print bed, or purge lines. These can occur during priming, retraction errors, nozzle wipes, or when filament oozes during non-print moves.
Porosity
Tiny holes or gaps within a print, often caused by under-extrusion or improperly dried filament.
Post-Processing
All operations performed after printing, including support removal, sanding, painting, polishing, vapor smoothing, and dyeing.
Powder Bed Fusion
A 3D printing process where powdered material is selectively fused by a laser or electron beam (e.g., SLS, DMLS).
Power Loss Recovery
A printer feature that resumes printing after a power outage. Saves time and material in long prints.
Precision
The printer's ability to repeat the same movement or measurement accurately. Often confused with accuracy.
Pressure Advance (Klipper)
A tuning parameter similar to linear advance, adjusting extrusion based on nozzle pressure buildup and release.
Prime Tower
A tower printed alongside the main model in multi-material prints to clean the nozzle before each tool change.
Print and Pray
Starting a print without proper calibration or testing and hoping it turns out okay.
Print Head
The part of the printer that holds the hotend or extruder assembly and moves during printing.
Print Queue
A list of upcoming print jobs managed by software or networked printing systems.
Print Speed
The velocity at which the nozzle moves while extruding filament. Affects detail, adhesion, and print time.
Print Volume
The maximum build dimensions (X, Y, Z) that a 3D printer can handle.
Printer Vomit
A chaotic print failure where filament sprays or globs everywhere due to a loose nozzle, jam, or bad g-code.
Probe (Auto-Leveling)
A sensor used to detect the bed’s surface height at multiple points, enabling mesh leveling.
Profile (Slicer Profile)
A set of saved settings in a slicer for a specific material, printer, and quality level.
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
A non-stick fluoropolymer tube used in Bowden setups. Also found in hotend linings (though less common in high-temp setups).
Purge Block (Wipe Tower)
A structure printed alongside the model to clean the nozzle during color or material changes in multi-material prints.
Purge Line
A strip of filament extruded at the beginning of a print to prime the nozzle and remove oozed filament.
Purge Poop
The blob or string of filament discarded at the edge of the bed or on a purge tower. Sometimes saved for testing or recycling.
Purging (Filament)
The process of pushing new filament through the hotend to clean out the previous color or type.
PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol)
A water-soluble support material commonly paired with dual-extrusion printers. Used with PLA or Nylon for complex overhangs.
Q
12 TermsQ-Factor (Precision Analysis)
A lesser-used metric in metrology and scanning that indicates surface quality over curvature or frequency of a mesh.
Quad-Material Printing
Using four different filaments in one print job via multi-material upgrade systems like Prusa MMU or Mosaic Palette.
Quadcopter Frame (Printable Part)
A popular 3D printable item often made with durable materials like carbon-fiber-filled Nylon or PETG. Useful in drone prototyping.
Quadcopter Mount
A part often printed to hold GoPro-style cameras or FPV modules. Highlights the intersection of functional prototyping and consumer tech in 3D printing.
Quadrilateral Remeshing
A mesh repair technique that converts triangular faces into quads for cleaner topology and better print results — especially in animation and CAD export.
Quality Settings (Slicer)
Preset configurations in slicer software that control layer height, print speed, and infill to balance detail, strength, and time.
Quartz Bed Heater
An industrial heating element made of fused quartz. Offers uniform heating and is used in some powder-based printers.
Qubit (Quantum Simulation)
Though not directly used in hobby 3D printing, simulated quantum modeling is emerging in lattice optimization and molecular 3D printing R&D.
Quench (Post-Processing)
In metal additive manufacturing, the rapid cooling of a part after heat treatment to harden it. Occasionally simulated in polymer post-curing workflows.
Queue Management (Print Farm)
The organization and scheduling of multiple print jobs in production environments. Often managed via OctoPrint, Repetier Server, or proprietary systems.
Quick Print Mode
A simplified slicer setting that prioritizes speed over detail. Ideal for concept models or functional part testing.
Quick Release (Hardware Mount)
A mechanical design that allows components—such as extruders, toolheads, or build plates—to be removed or swapped without tools.
R
45 TermsRadiant Heating
Used in some industrial printers to heat the chamber or print bed uniformly via infrared or convection systems.
Radii (Fillet Radius)
The size of a curved edge on a part. Adding radii reduces stress concentration and improves printability.
Raft
A thick, grid-like base printed under a model to improve adhesion and reduce warping — often used for ABS or small parts.
Raft Air Gap
The vertical distance between the top of a raft and the first model layer — controls ease of raft removal.
Rapid Prototyping
Using 3D printing to quickly create physical models for concept validation, testing, or iteration.
Raster Engraving
A method used in laser-engraver hybrids to “paint” an image onto a surface by scanning back and forth like a printer.
Raster Width
In slicing, the width of each extruded path. Influences surface quality and is affected by nozzle diameter and flow settings.
Rasterization (Slicing)
The conversion of vector-based geometry into discrete paths for nozzle or laser movement.
Reactive Resin
Specialized resin that chemically reacts during curing — used in high-performance applications like dental or aerospace.
Recoating Blade (SLA)
A blade that spreads a fresh layer of resin across the build area in industrial SLA systems like those from 3D Systems.
Reinforced Filament
Composite filaments that include fibers (carbon, glass, Kevlar) to increase rigidity and reduce flex or deformation.
Removable Support
Support structures designed to be broken away or peeled off manually, without solvents or tools.
Render (Model Visualization)
Creating a photorealistic or stylized image of a 3D model using light simulation, textures, and camera positioning.
Repair Mesh
Fixing a damaged or non-manifold STL/OBJ file using software like Meshmixer, Netfabb, or Microsoft 3D Builder.
Reprap
A movement and family of open-source 3D printers capable of printing their own parts. Foundation for many hobbyist printers.
Residual Stress
Internal tension remaining in a print due to uneven cooling or warping — relevant in functional or load-bearing parts.
Resin (Photopolymer)
A UV-curable liquid used in SLA, DLP, and MSLA printers. Offers high detail but requires post-curing and handling precautions.
Resin Bleed
When excess resin seeps out of uncured areas during printing, potentially creating artifacts or print failure.
Resin Calibration Test
A sample print used to fine-tune exposure, layer time, and lift speed for optimal print quality in resin printers.
Resin Exposure Time
The duration each layer is exposed to UV light in SLA/MSLA. Overexposure can cause artifacts; underexposure causes detachment.
Resin Flow
The behavior of resin in the vat during printing. Poor flow can cause layer detachment or inconsistent curing.
Resin Heater
Maintains a consistent resin temperature to improve curing and reduce layer separation.
Resin Lifter (Industrial SLA)
A component in advanced resin printers that lifts and rotates the part during layer separation to reduce failure rates.
Resin Mixer
A tool (manual or automated) used to stir resin before printing to prevent pigment separation or inconsistent curing.
Resin Odor
The often strong and unpleasant smell emitted by liquid photopolymer. Proper ventilation is essential.
Resin Overflow Sensor
A safety feature that detects excess resin levels in the vat to prevent spills or motor jams.
Resin Printer
Any 3D printer using liquid photopolymers and UV light to create models. Known for high resolution and smooth surface finish.
Resin Shrinkage
Volume reduction of cured resin due to polymerization. Designers must compensate for this in precision parts.
Resin Smear
A surface defect where uncured or semi-cured resin has moved across the part due to mechanical drag.
Resin Trap
A hollow area in a print where uncured resin gets trapped — common design oversight in hollow resin models.
Resin Tray Tilt (DLP)
A mechanical action that peels cured layers off the film by tilting the vat, reducing suction forces.
Resin Vat
The container holding liquid resin in SLA/MSLA printers. Often includes a transparent FEP film at the bottom.
Resolution (Print Resolution)
The smallest printable feature size. In FDM, it’s determined by nozzle diameter and layer height; in resin, by pixel size.
Resolution (Scan)
The smallest distinguishable detail in a 3D scan. Higher resolution yields more accurate models but requires more memory and processing.
Retention Feature
A notch or protrusion designed into a part to lock it into another during assembly — often used in snap-fit parts.
Retract Speed
The speed at which filament is pulled back. Faster retraction reduces blobs but may cause grinding.
Retraction
The backward movement of filament to relieve pressure and prevent oozing or stringing during travel moves.
Retraction Distance
The length of filament pulled back during retraction. Too little causes stringing; too much causes jams or under-extrusion.
Reverse Engineering
Capturing the physical form of an object via scanning or measurement to recreate it digitally for modification or reproduction.
Rigid Ink
A hard, impact-resistant photopolymer used in SLA for strong, detailed parts. Not suitable for flex or snap-fit designs.
Rigid Resin
A specific type of SLA resin designed for stiffness, precision, and resistance to deformation — often glass-filled.
Ring Clamp
A 3D-printed or machined fastener that surrounds and secures cylindrical parts — used in fixtures or assemblies.
Ringing (Ghosting)
A visual artifact where echoes of sharp corners or movements appear as faint ripples, caused by vibration or loose belts.
Rotary Axis
An additional rotational movement axis used in hybrid 3D printers or CNC machines for printing or engraving cylindrical parts.
Rotational Part (Print Type)
A component designed for rotation or circular symmetry — often used in knobs, spools, or ball joints.
S
103 TermsSafety Interlock
A mechanism that disables printer functions when an enclosure is opened, commonly found in resin and industrial printers.
Sandblasting (Post-Processing)
A technique to clean, smooth, or texture 3D prints using a fine abrasive under pressure.
Scale (Modeling)
The proportion by which a model is enlarged or reduced. Often necessary when preparing scanned data for printing.
Scan Artifact
An error or noise in a 3D scan caused by movement, poor lighting, or reflective surfaces.
Scan Resolution
The precision or density of point data collected during 3D scanning. Higher resolution yields better details.
Screw Drive (Lead Screw)
A motion mechanism where threaded rods move the bed or print head vertically with high precision.
Screw Fit Tolerance Model
A calibration print used to test how well 3D-printed threads or mating parts fit, helping refine dimensional accuracy.
Sculpting
A digital modeling technique that uses virtual tools to “push” and “pull” geometry — ideal for organic shapes.
Sealed Chamber
An enclosed printing space that maintains a stable internal temperature, critical for warping-prone materials.
Seam (Z-Seam)
The vertical line or artifact that appears where each layer starts and stops. Can be aligned or randomized.
Seam Hiding
A slicer technique where the layer start point is placed in a corner or along an edge to make it less visible.
Seam Randomization
An option in slicing software that moves the layer start point randomly, reducing visual seam buildup at one location.
Semi-Flexible Resin
A UV-curable resin that offers slight flexibility without being soft or rubbery, used for parts needing a small amount of give.
Sensorless Homing
A method of axis calibration that detects position limits by monitoring electrical feedback from stepper motors, eliminating endstops.
Separation Layer
A thin, weakened layer added between model and support for easier support removal.
Shell
The outer wall(s) of a 3D print, determining surface strength and finish. Also called perimeters.
Shell Thickness
The number of wall lines (or mm) that form the outer layers of the print. Affects strength and durability.
Shoe Sole Mold
A 3D-printed mold designed to prototype or manufacture rubber or polyurethane soles in footwear design.
Shoe Tree (Functional Print)
A rigid or spring-loaded insert to preserve shoe shape — often customized and printed in PETG or ABS.
Shore Hardness
A scale used to measure the flexibility of materials, especially flexible filaments like TPU or resins.
Shoulder Bolt (3D Printed)
A stepped bolt design often used in custom mechanical assemblies. Can be printed or used to design inserts.
Showcase Print
A print made with high resolution and post-processing to demonstrate visual quality or impress clients.
Shrink Compensation
A slicer or CAD adjustment to pre-compensate for material shrinkage during cooling or curing.
Shrinkage
Reduction in part size due to cooling or curing. Must be considered when printing precise mechanical parts.
Silent Stepper Driver
A stepper motor driver that reduces vibration and noise using interpolation (e.g., TMC2209).
Silicone Sock
A heat-insulating sleeve that covers the hotend block, improving thermal stability and keeping it clean.
Simplify3D
A paid slicer known for powerful customization, visual G-code previews, and advanced support generation.
Single-Wall Printing
A printing strategy where only one perimeter is printed per layer — useful for vases or lightweight shells.
Sintering
A process where powdered material is fused together with heat, without fully melting. Used in SLS and DMLS.
Skew (Axis Skew)
A calibration issue where X/Y/Z axes are not perfectly square, resulting in distorted parts.
Skirt
A line printed around the object’s base to prime the extruder and stabilize flow, but not touching the print itself.
SLA (Stereolithography)
A resin-based 3D printing process that uses a laser to cure liquid resin into hardened plastic. Known for high accuracy and smooth finishes.
Slic3r
An open-source slicing engine known for precise control and integrations in various printing ecosystems.
Slicer
Software that converts 3D models into printer-readable instructions (G-code) by dividing them into layers.
Slicer Artifact
Unintended defects caused by bugs or misconfigurations in slicing software.
Slicing
The process of converting a 3D model into horizontal layers and generating toolpaths (G-code) for printing.
SLM (Selective Laser Melting)
An industrial metal 3D printing process where a laser fully melts metal powder to form solid parts.
SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)
A powder-bed fusion process that uses a laser to sinter powdered materials, typically Nylon, layer by layer.
Slurry (Resin)
A mix of uncured resin and alcohol used to clean resin parts. Also refers to ceramic or metal binder jetting suspensions.
Smart Layer Adjustment
An adaptive slicing feature that changes layer height dynamically to optimize print quality and time.
Smart Supports
Algorithmically optimized supports that use minimal material and allow easy removal.
Smoke Test Print
A quick model designed to push a printer’s limits (e.g., thin walls, overhangs, stringing) for diagnostic purposes.
Snap Fit
A type of part connection where two printed components click together without the need for fasteners.
Snap Latch
A functional print-in-place mechanical locking feature, often seen in containers, cases, and toy assemblies.
Snap-to-Fit Model
A model designed to be assembled without fasteners, using toleranced clips or tabs.
Snapmaker Luban
The proprietary slicer for Snapmaker all-in-one machines, combining 3D printing, CNC, and laser modules.
Soak Time (Resin Post-Cure)
The length of time a printed resin part is exposed to UV during post-processing to fully harden it.
Soft-Rigid Assembly
A multi-material print combining soft (TPU) and rigid (PLA/ABS) sections in a single part.
Solder Mask (PCB Printing)
A feature added to 3D-printed circuit boards to protect copper traces — more common in hybrid print electronics.
Solid Fill
A print setting where a model or section is filled completely with filament instead of using infill patterns.
Solid Modeling
A design technique that models complete, volumetric objects with defined interiors — unlike surface modeling.
Soluble Support
A support structure printed in a dissolvable material such as PVA or HIPS, often used in dual-extrusion prints.
Solvent Welding
Joining printed parts using chemical solvents (like acetone) that partially dissolve surfaces for bonding.
Sound-Dampening Print
A printed object or enclosure designed to absorb sound waves and reduce machine noise.
Spaghetti Detection
A camera-based system that identifies stringy messes caused by print failures and stops the print to prevent waste.
Spaghetti Monster
A pile of extruded filament mess resulting from a failed print where the nozzle keeps extruding after detachment.
Spare Part Print
A functional replacement part produced via 3D printing, often used for legacy equipment or fast repair.
Spatial Resolution
A measure of detail in 3D scanning and imaging. Higher resolution = finer features.
Spectral Scanner
A 3D scanning device that captures both geometry and material color data for texture mapping.
Speed (Print Speed)
How fast the printer moves while extruding filament. Affects quality, layer adhesion, and time.
Speed Tower
A vertical test print that changes speed incrementally to evaluate print quality at different speeds.
Spindle Mount
A feature in hybrid CNC/3DP machines allowing users to install rotary tools for subtractive operations.
Spiral Vase Mode
A slicer setting where a model is printed in a continuous spiral without discrete layers, used for single-wall prints.
Spool Holder
The component that holds the filament spool and feeds it into the extruder.
Spool Tracking
A method to monitor filament usage during and across prints, preventing mid-print runouts.
Spool Weight (Remaining)
An estimated or measured value indicating how much filament remains on a spool — useful for print planning.
Spring Loaded Tensioner
A part in belt-driven motion systems that maintains consistent tension to prevent backlash and skipping.
Spring Steel Sheet
A flexible magnetic build plate surface that makes part removal easy and improves first layer adhesion.
Sprue (Casting)
A channel used in mold design for pouring resin or metal, often designed into 3D-printed molds.
Standoff (Spacer)
A functional design feature used to keep parts elevated or separated. Can be printed directly or added as hardware.
Static Mixers (Resin Dosing)
Used in industrial resin applications to combine two-part resins before printing or casting.
Statue Support Base
A widened or sculpted bottom section designed to help tall character models remain stable during FDM or SLA printing.
Stencil (Airbrush / Laser)
A flat design cut or printed to apply patterns via painting, etching, or masking.
Step Calibration Cube
A 20×20×20 mm cube used to verify printer accuracy and adjust steps-per-mm settings.
STEP File (.STEP / .STP)
A CAD file format that preserves solid body features, making it ideal for interoperability between different modeling software.
Step Height
The thickness of each printed layer. Lower step height = finer resolution.
Step Loss
An issue where the stepper motor fails to move the print head accurately, leading to layer shifts.
Stereoscopic Scanning
A 3D scanning method using two cameras to mimic human vision and capture depth from parallax.
Stickiness (Bed Adhesion)
A colloquial term referring to how well a print adheres to the build plate — critical for successful first layers.
Stiffener Rib
A printed reinforcement along a flat surface that improves rigidity without adding excessive thickness or weight.
Stitching (Scanning)
The process of merging multiple scans into one complete 3D model using software.
STL (Standard Tessellation Language)
The most common 3D file format used in slicing software. Represents the outer surface of a model using a mesh of triangles.
Strain Gauge
A sensor that measures minute changes in force or displacement — used in precision auto-bed leveling systems.
String Cheese
Filament stringing across gaps, especially common in PLA or flexible materials.
String Salad
A failed print where stringing has gone wild — often resembles a tangled mess of filament spaghetti.
Stringing
Fine hair-like strands of filament left between separate parts of a print due to improper retraction.
Stringing Tower
A test print specifically designed to isolate and diagnose stringing problems using varying retraction settings.
Structured Light Scanner
A type of 3D scanner that projects patterns onto a surface and measures distortions to capture shape.
Sub-Layer Anti-Aliasing
A smoothing method in resin printing that blends edges to reduce pixelation artifacts.
Submesh
A distinct group or shell within a mesh that may represent separate objects or print zones.
Submodel (Assembly CAD)
A part or module within a larger design used to simplify modeling and enable easier edits.
Subtractive Hybrid Workflow
A process where parts are printed close to size and then machined for final precision.
Subtractive Manufacturing
The removal of material to create a part (e.g., milling). The opposite of additive manufacturing.
Support Angle
The threshold angle beyond which the slicer generates support structures. Usually set between 45°–60°.
Support Density
The percentage or strength of internal support fill. Affects removal ease and print stability.
Support Interface
A denser layer printed between supports and the model to improve surface quality and ease of removal.
Support Material
Structures added during slicing to hold up overhangs and bridges in the model. Removed after printing.
Support Tip Diameter
The contact point size between support and model — affects surface quality and ease of removal.
Support Tree
A branching support structure that uses minimal material and reduces scarring on the model.
Support Z Distance
The vertical gap between the support top and the model, often fine-tuned to balance quality and detachment.
Surface Finish
The texture and visual appearance of a part’s outer surface. Influenced by layer height, material, and post-processing.
Surface Mapping
A 3D scanning process that builds a surface mesh from point cloud data for CAD or inspection.
Surgical Guide
A resin-printed template used to direct surgical tools in medical procedures, based on patient-specific scans.
T
70 TermsT-Glase
A brand name for a translucent PETT filament known for strength and optical clarity.
T-Slot Aluminum Frame
A modular structural component commonly used in printer chassis for strength and easy modifications.
Tab-and-Slot Joint
A design approach where one part has a tab that fits into a slot in another, used for easy assembly.
Tangential Path
A toolpath motion that maintains smooth curvature without sudden directional changes, reducing ringing.
Tapered Feature
A gradually narrowing design element used in modeling for aesthetics or mechanical fit.
Teardrop Hole
A design adjustment for FDM printers to prevent sagging in horizontal holes. Shaped like a droplet to support itself.
Temperature Sensor (Thermistor/RTD)
Measures the temperature of the hotend or heated bed and relays data to the printer's controller.
Temperature Tower
A vertical model printed at incrementally changing temperatures to test a material’s optimal print settings.
Tensile Bar Specimen
A standard test print for measuring tensile strength, used in filament testing and material certification.
Tensile Modulus (Elastic Modulus)
A material's resistance to being stretched, indicating stiffness. Important for engineering-grade filaments.
Tensile Strength
The maximum amount of stress a material can withstand when stretched. A key mechanical property for functional parts.
Test Jig
A functional print used to hold, position, or measure components during calibration or inspection.
Test Print
A basic model used to calibrate or test printer performance (e.g., temperature tower, XYZ cube, Benchy).
Tethering (OctoPrint/Control)
Connecting your printer to a computer or server via USB for real-time command and monitoring.
Texture Mapping
The application of 2D image files to 3D models, often used in color 3D printing or rendering.
Texture Sheet
A replaceable build plate with embossed patterns to add surface texture to the bottom of prints.
Textured PEI Sheet
A bed surface that adds grip and imparts a matte texture to the bottom of prints.
Texturing (Post-Processing)
The manual or machine-driven addition of textures after printing, like engraving, etching, or blasting.
Thermal Break (Heat Break)
The component between the hotend and cold zone, preventing heat creep and ensuring clean extrusion.
Thermal Creep
Heat rising up the filament path and softening filament prematurely, causing jams or extrusion inconsistencies.
Thermal Expansion
The increase in size of a material when heated. Needs to be accounted for in tight-fitting parts.
Thermal Fuse
A one-time use component that breaks the electrical connection if a printer overheats — a safety backup.
Thermal Gradient
The difference in temperature between sections of a print. Can cause warping or stress.
Thermal Mass
The amount of energy required to heat an object. Affects how quickly hotends and beds reach or maintain temperature.
Thermal Runaway
A safety hazard where a heating element continues to heat uncontrollably due to sensor failure. Prevented by firmware safeguards.
Thermal Runaway Error
A firmware-triggered safety shutdown when the printer loses control of hotend temperature.
Thermal Stress
Cracks or warping in a print caused by uneven heating or cooling.
Thermoplastic
A type of plastic that softens when heated and solidifies when cooled. Used in FDM/FFF printing (e.g., PLA, ABS, PETG).
Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE)
A flexible, rubbery filament used for soft, durable parts like gaskets, grips, or toys.
Thermoplastic Tattoo
Burn marks or deformations left on a model when a hot nozzle parks too long in one place.
Thin Wall Detection
A slicer setting that compensates for small features narrower than nozzle width, ensuring they're printed.
Thread Pitch
The distance between threads on a screw or bolt. Affects print quality and strength of functional threads.
Thread Profile
The shape of a screw’s thread (e.g., square, trapezoidal, ISO metric). Must match hardware or software standards.
Thread Repair File
A model or tool used to recreate or clean up damaged screw threads — often printed or applied post-print.
Thread Start Offset
A setting used in slicers to begin threads at a specific point, minimizing seams in threaded parts.
Thread-Locking Groove
A design feature in printed parts that prevents screws from loosening due to vibration.
Threaded Cap
A functional part that screws onto a bottle or container. Must match the print's thread profile and pitch.
Threaded Insert
A metal insert embedded in a printed part to allow durable screw threads. Often installed with heat or ultrasonic tools.
Threaded Rod
A long rod with screw threads, often used in Z-axis mechanics of 3D printers for precise motion.
Tiling (Large Format Printing)
The process of breaking a model into smaller parts for printing and later assembly.
Tip Blobbing
A defect where filament accumulates at the nozzle tip during pauses or slowdowns, causing zits or bumps.
Tip Cleaning Pad
A pad or tower printed during a job to keep the nozzle clean between extrusions, especially in multi-material prints.
Toggle Clamp
A 3D-printed or mechanical clamp that locks quickly into place, used in fixtures or jigs.
Tolerance
The acceptable deviation between the intended and actual size of printed parts. Crucial for interlocking or mechanical components.
Tolerance Fit
The interaction between mating printed parts, such as clearance, interference, or transition fits.
Tolerance Test Model
A calibration print with incremental spacing to test fit accuracy between two parts.
Tool Change Script
Custom G-code used when switching tools or extruders, often involving purging, parking, or temperature control.
Tool Holding Fixture
A printed component designed to secure tools during CNC or manual workflows.
Tool Library (CAM Software)
A saved collection of virtual tools used for simulation or post-processing paths in hybrid systems.
Tool Offset
The calibrated position difference between two tools in a multi-tool or IDEX printer setup.
Toolchanger
An advanced printer feature where the machine swaps toolheads automatically for different materials or processes.
Toolhead
The assembly at the end of the gantry or arm that holds the extruder, laser, or CNC tool.
Toolpath
The route that the printer’s nozzle or laser follows during a print. Generated by slicing software.
Toolpath Preview
A visual representation of the print head’s movements as generated by slicer software.
Top Layer
The uppermost printed surface of a model. More top layers increase strength and improve appearance.
Topological Optimization
A CAD process that reduces weight while maintaining strength by strategically removing material.
Topology
The arrangement of vertices, edges, and faces in a mesh. Clean topology is essential for printable and animatable models.
Touch Probe
A device used to detect the bed or surface position for leveling or scanning in industrial printers.
Touchscreen Interface
A control system found on many modern printers allowing users to interact via a digital display.
TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane)
A flexible, rubber-like filament used for making parts that need to bend, stretch, or absorb impact.
Tramming
The process of leveling the print bed relative to the nozzle, typically done manually using screws and paper.
Transfer Adhesive
A thin, double-sided adhesive used to stick texture sheets, PEI, or other build surfaces to the bed.
Transfer Support
A technique where support material is bridged from a secondary structure instead of built directly under the overhang.
Transition Tower
A vertical print used to purge filament during multi-material prints for cleaner color transitions.
Translucent Filament
Filament that allows light to pass through partially, used for aesthetic prints or light diffusers.
Travel Move
A non-extruding movement of the print head between two points. Improper retraction during travel can cause stringing.
Tread Pattern (Custom Filament)
A raised design used in printing soles, grips, or tire-like surfaces — often used with TPU.
Tree Support
A support structure that branches like a tree to reach overhangs with minimal material usage and ease of removal.
Triangulation (Scanning)
A 3D scanning method that calculates depth by measuring angles between lasers and cameras.
Turntable Scanner
A 3D scanning setup where the object rotates on a platform to be captured from all angles.
U
31 TermsU-Joint (Universal Joint)
A mechanical connector that transmits rotary motion between two angled shafts. Can be printed or integrated into robotics.
Ultem (PEI)
A high-performance thermoplastic used in aerospace and automotive industries. Requires high temperatures and specialized printers.
Ultimaker
A Dutch 3D printer manufacturer known for professional-grade FDM printers and the development of Cura slicer.
Ultrafine Nozzle
A nozzle with a diameter of 0.2mm or smaller used for intricate detail prints. Requires slow speed and fine-tuned retraction.
Ultrasonic Cleaner
A device that uses high-frequency sound waves to clean resin prints, nozzles, or tools by agitating a cleaning fluid.
Ultrasound-Based Scanner
An experimental 3D scanning method using sound waves instead of light, applicable to soft tissues or opaque materials.
Unboxing Experience
The visual and tactile experience a customer has when opening a packaged 3D-printed product — key for presentation and branding.
Uncured Resin
Liquid resin that hasn’t been exposed to UV light. Hazardous to skin and should be handled with gloves.
Under-extruded Ghosts
Parts of a print that are faintly visible or weak due to extrusion inconsistencies — often haunting infill or corners.
Under-Extrusion
A condition where the printer delivers less filament than expected, leading to weak layers, gaps, or brittle parts.
Undercut (Modeling)
A recess in a model that can’t be accessed from above or below, challenging to print without support or multipart design.
Unibody Design
A model designed to be printed as a single piece without assembly — often used for strength or waterproofing.
Unified Bed Leveling
A firmware-based leveling algorithm (e.g., in Marlin) that combines mesh leveling and bilinear leveling for improved consistency.
Uniform Wall Thickness
A modeling practice where wall thickness remains constant throughout, improving print reliability and structural consistency.
Universal G-code Sender
Software that transmits G-code commands to CNC or hybrid machines, often used for laser or mill-based workflows.
Unretouched Scan
Raw scan data without smoothing or post-processing. Useful for authenticity but may contain noise or artifacts.
Unsupported Overhang
A portion of a print that lacks sufficient material underneath to support it. Can sag or fail without added support.
Unsupported Span
A stretch of material that bridges a gap without contact below. Often used in benchmarking print capabilities.
Unzip STL Archive
Some slicers accept compressed model folders. These must be unzipped before viewing or slicing the models.
Upload Queue
A list of sliced models uploaded to a printer or server, awaiting execution — useful in managed print environments.
Upright Orientation
Positioning a model vertically on the print bed. Useful for certain parts but may increase support needs and Z wobble.
Uptime (Printer)
The amount of operational time a printer is available for use, crucial for production environments and print farms.
Upward Warping
A print failure where corners lift off the bed due to uneven cooling, often in ABS or large flat prints.
Urethane Casting
A process where a 3D-printed master is used to create silicone molds for casting parts in polyurethane resin.
USB OTG (On-The-Go)
Allows mobile devices to control or send files to 3D printers directly via USB connection.
USB Printing
Sending G-code to a printer via USB cable rather than SD card or Wi-Fi. Allows live control and monitoring.
User Interface (UI)
The on-screen menus and controls used to operate a 3D printer or slicer software.
UV Chamber
An enclosed box with UV lights used for uniformly post-curing resin prints.
UV Curing
The post-processing step for resin prints, where UV light hardens the print further for strength and stability.
UV Exposure Time
The amount of time each resin layer is exposed to UV light. Needs fine-tuning for print success.
UV Resin
A liquid photopolymer that cures when exposed to ultraviolet light, used in SLA/DLP/MSLA printing.
V
35 TermsV-Slot Rail
An aluminum extrusion with a V-shaped groove that acts as both structure and linear motion guide in many 3D printers.
V-Slot Wheel
A grooved roller that fits into V-slot aluminum extrusions for smooth movement — used in many DIY and commercial printers.
Vacuum Forming Mold
A master shape (often 3D printed) used to create molds by heating plastic and sucking it onto the form using a vacuum.
Vacuum Resin Degassing
A pre-processing step where air bubbles are removed from resin using a vacuum chamber to prevent voids in prints.
Vane Pattern (Cooling Fan Design)
The arrangement of blades in a fan that impacts airflow and noise — relevant in part cooling optimization.
Vapor Smoothing
A post-processing method for materials like ABS using acetone vapor to create a glossy, uniform finish.
Variable Layer Height
A slicer feature that adjusts layer height dynamically across a model to balance detail and speed.
Variable Nozzle Diameter
An experimental hotend that adjusts nozzle size on the fly to balance speed and detail.
Variable Speed Printing
Adjusting speed at different layers or regions based on complexity, layer time, or cooling needs.
Vase Mode
A slicing technique where the printer continuously spirals upward in a single wall without layer transitions. Ideal for printing vases or artistic shells.
Vector File
A graphics format (e.g., SVG, DXF) composed of paths instead of pixels. Often used for laser cutting or 2D shape extrusion in modeling.
Veneer (Decorative Finish)
A thin outer printed layer or post-processed sheet applied for aesthetic surface detailing.
Vent Hole (Hollow Prints)
A small hole designed into resin prints to prevent suction or resin entrapment in hollow parts.
Ventilation (Printer Enclosure)
Necessary airflow in resin printing or heated chambers to reduce fumes and regulate temperature.
Vertex
A point in 3D space that defines part of a mesh. Connected by edges and faces to form geometry.
Vertical Banding
Visible lines on a print’s surface, often caused by Z-axis mechanical issues or inconsistent extrusion.
Vertical Hole Compensation
An adjustment made in slicers to improve circular hole accuracy when aligned along the Z-axis.
Vibration Dampening
The process of reducing printer movement or resonance to prevent ringing artifacts and improve print quality.
Vibration Test Model
A diagnostic print used to check for ringing, overshoot, or ghosting caused by rapid motion changes.
Viewcube (Model Navigation)
A visual widget in 3D modeling software used to rotate or snap views to standard angles.
Virtual Build Plate
A digital representation of the printer bed in slicers or CAD software used to position models.
Viscoelastic Material
Materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic behavior — relevant in damping, flexing, and impact-absorbing prints.
Viscosity (Resin)
A fluid’s resistance to flow. Affects how resin layers form and cure, especially in fast MSLA/DLP printing.
Viscous Drag (Resin)
The resistance caused by liquid resin against cured layers during peel cycles. Affects layer separation success.
Viscous Layer Separation
A failure mode in resin printing where sticky resin resists peel motion, leading to delamination or incomplete curing.
VisiJet
A proprietary resin-like material used in 3D Systems’ high-end MultiJet printers.
Visual Inspection
The process of evaluating a printed part for defects, inconsistencies, or dimensional errors using the naked eye or tools.
Visual Scripting (CAD)
A node-based programming interface (e.g., Grasshopper) used to generate parametric models graphically.
Voice Coil Actuator
A precise linear motion system sometimes used in advanced scanning and industrial printers.
Void (Internal)
An unintended hollow region inside a model, often due to slicing errors, under-extrusion, or support placement.
Voltage Regulator
An electrical component that stabilizes power to printer electronics, preventing overheating or crashes.
Volume (Build Volume)
The maximum space a printer can use to create objects, defined by its X, Y, and Z dimensions.
Volume Compensation (Shrinkage)
Adjustments made to CAD or slicer settings to account for material contraction during cooling or curing.
Volumetric Flow Rate
The amount of material extruded per second. Helps match print speed to hotend and filament capabilities.
Voxel (Volumetric Pixel)
The 3D equivalent of a pixel. Used in resin printers and 3D scanners to define volume and resolution.
W
39 TermsWall Count
The number of perimeters printed per layer. Increasing wall count boosts strength and surface quality.
Wall Thickness
The total thickness of a model’s outer walls or perimeters. Impacts strength, print time, and detail resolution.
Warp Edge Compensation
A slicer setting or model tweak that thickens or anchors corners to reduce upward lift from the bed.
Warp Test Model
A flat, square print used to benchmark bed adhesion and identify warping tendencies of filaments or surfaces.
Warping
A common print defect where corners or edges lift off the build plate due to uneven cooling or poor bed adhesion.
Washer Model
A calibration print or mechanical part used for spacing or load distribution in bolted assemblies.
Watertight Mesh
A 3D model without any holes, non-manifold edges, or open surfaces. Required for successful slicing and printing.
Wattage (Heater/Power Supply)
The amount of electrical power consumed by printer components like heaters, motors, and fans. Important for safe upgrades.
Wavelength (UV Light)
The frequency of UV light used to cure resin. Most printers use 405nm LEDs, but some use 385nm for faster curing.
Wavy Geometry (Scan Artifact)
An unwanted effect in low-quality scans where straight lines appear rippled due to motion blur or alignment issues.
Wavy Layers
Visible undulations or inconsistent layer lines caused by unstable motion systems or mechanical resonance.
Wear-Resistant Filament
Material engineered for durability under friction or stress, often filled with carbon fiber or glass fiber.
Webbed Infill
An alternative infill pattern featuring random or organic web-like structures to reduce weight while preserving strength.
Webbing (Stringing)
Unwanted filament strings across gaps or between features caused by poor retraction or travel moves.
Weight Calibration Model
A print used to confirm expected filament usage based on part weight. Useful for estimating cost or material left.
Weight Reduction Cutout
A hollow or negative space designed into a part to save material and decrease print time while maintaining strength.
Welding (Modeling Tool)
A CAD or mesh tool that merges vertices or edges, often used to fix holes or unify scanned data.
Welding Profile (Toolpath)
A pattern used in metal 3D printing or plastic extrusion to simulate welding beads or follow weld-like geometries.
Welding Rod (3DP Filament Type)
A thicker filament used in professional applications or for plastic welding with extruders and hand tools.
Wetted Surface (Resin Printing)
The area of a resin part in contact with the FEP film or vat bottom. Larger surfaces may cause suction-related failures.
White Balance (Scan Texture)
The color calibration of a scanned texture. Poor balance leads to unrealistic or inaccurate coloration.
White Resin
A common photopolymer color for prototyping. Offers good detail visibility but can be prone to yellowing over time.
Wick (Resin)
A narrow channel in a model or support that allows trapped resin to drain during post-processing.
Wicking Pad
A printed or added component in resin printers to collect overflow resin and reduce mess near the build plate.
Wipe Line
A single extrusion printed before starting the model to clean and prime the nozzle, often on the edge of the bed.
Wipe Tower
A structure printed alongside multi-material models that purges filament during color changes to ensure clean transitions.
Wiper Blade (SLA Printer)
A mechanical component that sweeps across the resin vat between layers to maintain surface consistency.
Wire Clip (Utility Print)
A functional print used to hold wires or cables neatly in place, often customized for specific builds.
Wireframe Mesh
A mesh composed of only edges and vertices without surface faces. Typically used in previews or exports.
Wireframe Scan
A 3D scan type that captures skeletal geometry, often used in motion capture or animation workflows.
Wireframe View
A visualization mode showing only the edges of a model’s mesh, useful for topology inspection and modeling cleanup.
Wobble (Z-Wobble)
A recurring print defect caused by lead screw misalignment or vibrations, resulting in repeating vertical patterns.
Wobble Test Print
A vertical model used to detect periodic deviations along the Z-axis caused by bent rods or misaligned screws.
Work Envelope
The physical area in which a printer or machine can operate. Defines the maximum reachable print space.
Workbench Printer
A mid-size desktop or benchtop 3D printer designed for prosumers and small-scale industrial use.
Workholding Jig
A printed fixture used to hold a part or tool in place during secondary processes like drilling or assembly.
Working Time (Resin)
The period during which resin remains usable after exposure to air or light — affects consistency and layer bonding.
Workplane (Modeling)
The surface on which modeling or sketching occurs in CAD software. Helps align features in 3D space.
Wraparound Design
A modeling technique where patterns or geometry flow continuously around cylindrical or box-like objects.
X
15 TermsX-Axis
The horizontal movement direction (typically left-to-right) on most 3D printers. One of the three principal Cartesian coordinates.
X-Axis Endstop
A physical or sensor-based switch that defines the home position of the X-axis for consistent print alignment.
X-Bracing
Structural design using angled supports forming an X shape, commonly used in printer frames to reduce wobble and increase stability.
X-Gantry
The moving component in a 3D printer that supports the print head and travels along the X-axis.
X-Mirror Mode
A feature in IDEX printers where one extruder mirrors the print of the other along the X-axis for symmetrical duplication.
X-Ray Mode (Slicer Preview)
A visualization tool that reveals hidden features or internal geometry in a model before slicing or printing.
X-Ray Texture Mapping
An advanced visualization or scanning technique where internal geometry is visualized through cross-sectional imagery.
X-Rotation (Modeling)
The rotation of a model or mesh around the X-axis in 3D space — useful in orientation and slicing prep.
X-Y Resolution
The smallest feature a printer can produce on the horizontal plane, influenced by nozzle size in FDM or pixel size in resin printers.
X/Y Compensation
A slicer or firmware setting that adjusts model dimensions to correct for size deviations in the horizontal plane.
X/Y/Z Calibration Cube
A standard 20×20×20 mm print used to measure dimensional accuracy and diagnose axis scaling errors.
Xact Metal
A manufacturer of affordable metal 3D printers that use powder-bed fusion technology.
Xacto Knife (Post-Processing Tool)
A precision cutting blade commonly used to remove supports, clean details, or modify prints post-production.
XPS Foam (Accessory Use)
Extruded polystyrene used in model making. Often paired with 3D-printed accessories in cosplay or architectural mock-ups.
XTC-3D
A two-part epoxy coating used to smooth out visible layer lines and create a glossy finish on FDM prints.
Y
25 TermsY-Axis
The front-to-back movement direction on most Cartesian-style 3D printers. One of the three primary axes.
Y-Axis Belt
The toothed belt that drives motion along the Y-axis in FDM printers. Tension must be tuned to avoid skipping or wobble.
Y-Axis Inversion
A firmware or slicer setting to reverse Y-axis direction if the movement is opposite to expected.
Y-Axis Wobble
A periodic surface defect caused by inconsistent Y-axis movement, typically due to misaligned rails or uneven tension.
Y-Bearing Block
A sliding component that moves along a Y-axis rail, commonly part of the bed movement mechanism.
Y-Brace
A diagonal support structure used in printer frames to stabilize movement along the Y-axis.
Y-Bridge
The portion of a printer’s frame or assembly where multiple structural elements converge along the Y-axis for load transfer.
Y-Cable Splitter
An electrical connector that allows two fans, LEDs, or sensors to run from a single Y-axis control output.
Y-Calibration Print
A test object designed to diagnose Y-axis problems such as skew, drift, or backlash.
Y-Coordinate
In 3D modeling, defines the front-back position of a point or model. Used in slicers, CAD, and scanning tools.
Y-Direction Compensation
A calibration adjustment to correct errors in part dimensions along the Y-axis.
Y-Endstop
A switch or sensor that defines the home or limit position of the Y-axis for consistent calibration.
Y-Fan (Cooling)
A dedicated fan mounted to cool motion components or electronics aligned with the Y-axis gantry or enclosure.
Y-Flex Cable
A flexible ribbon or cable bundle that provides power and data to components that move along the Y-axis.
Y-Gantry
The structural frame or support that allows movement along the Y-axis, often carrying the build plate.
Y-Guide Rail
The linear rail or rod that guides the Y-axis. Smooth motion depends on alignment and lubrication.
Y-Mirror Mode
An IDEX printer setting where one extruder mirrors the print along the Y-axis, creating symmetrical duplicates.
Y-Motor
The stepper motor responsible for driving the Y-axis movement. Must be calibrated for accurate motion.
Y-Offset
The positional adjustment made in firmware or slicer settings to align multiple extruders or tools along the Y-axis.
Y-Plane (Modeling)
The horizontal plane that intersects front-to-back space in a 3D scene — used for alignment and constraints.
Y-Rotation (Model Orientation)
The angular movement of a model around the Y-axis — useful for positioning parts for optimal print strength.
Y-Stepper Driver
The electronic component that controls power to the Y-axis motor, translating movement commands from G-code.
Y-Table (Moving Bed)
A print bed configuration where the build plate moves along the Y-axis rather than the print head — common in bedslinger printers.
Yield Strength
The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Important for parts that will bear loads along the Y-direction.
Yoke (Mechanical Component)
A connector or pivoting joint often used in motion systems and tool changers to allow constrained rotation along Y.
Z
42 TermsZ-Alignment Jig
A fixture used to align dual Z-axis screws or rods in larger or CoreXY-style printers.
Z-Artifact
A general term for vertical surface defects that appear as ridges, lines, or irregularities.
Z-Axis
The vertical movement direction on a 3D printer, responsible for raising or lowering the print head or build plate.
Z-Axis Compensation
A firmware or slicer setting that adjusts Z height dynamically based on bed unevenness or part features.
Z-Axis Lead Screw
A threaded rod that moves the print bed or head along the Z-axis, usually driven by a stepper motor.
Z-Axis Reinforcement
Structural additions like braces or dual rods that stabilize Z movement and reduce vibration.
Z-Axis Repeatability
The ability of a printer to return to the same Z height consistently, especially important in multi-step workflows.
Z-Axis Skirt
A rarely used calibration feature that extrudes material while the Z-height is adjusted to correct adhesion issues.
Z-Axis Stepper Motor
The motor responsible for moving the bed or gantry up and down. Often uses microstepping for precision.
Z-Banding
A visible horizontal striping effect caused by mechanical imperfections in the Z-axis movement system.
Z-Brace
A printed or metal support structure to prevent flex or shaking in tall printer frames.
Z-Calibration Test Print
A model with stair-step or vertical features used to test for wobble, backlash, and accurate vertical scaling.
Z-Clipping
In scanning or modeling, when vertical parts of a model are cut off or not captured properly due to angle or field of view.
Z-Coupler Wobble
A defect caused by unbalanced or loose couplers between the Z motor and lead screw, creating print inconsistencies.
Z-Drive Coupler
A flexible connector between the Z-motor and lead screw that absorbs misalignment and vibration.
Z-Endstop
A mechanical or optical sensor that marks the printer’s Z-axis home position, ensuring accurate layer starts.
Z-Fade
A feature in some firmware that gradually blends bed leveling correction into the Z-axis over a set height.
Z-Failure Recovery
The ability to resume a print at a specific Z-height after power loss or crash by syncing coordinates.
Z-Fighting (Modeling)
A rendering issue where two coplanar surfaces overlap and flicker. Can also occur in slicing if duplicate faces exist.
Z-Gap (Support Distance)
The vertical distance between a support and the model. Affects how easily supports detach and surface finish.
Z-Height
The vertical measurement of a model, often determining print time and orientation strategy.
Z-Homing
The process of returning the printer to its baseline Z position before starting a print.
Z-Hop
A slicer setting where the nozzle lifts slightly along the Z-axis during travel moves to avoid hitting previously printed areas.
Z-Interference
A collision or blockage that occurs due to incorrect Z-offset, causing the nozzle to hit the print or bed.
Z-Layer Adhesion
The bonding strength between consecutive vertical layers — critical for part strength and durability.
Z-Layer Resequencing
A technique to rearrange the print order of layers for better heat distribution or curing in resin workflows.
Z-Lift (Resin Printing)
The action of raising the build plate between layers to allow fresh resin to flow and prevent layer sticking.
Z-Lock Joint
A design feature using interlocking vertical profiles to increase part strength and alignment.
Z-Mesh Leveling
An advanced auto-leveling feature that probes multiple points and stores a detailed Z height map for corrections.
Z-Offset
The fine-tuned distance between the nozzle and the build surface at the start of a print. Crucial for first-layer success.
Z-Pitch
The distance moved by the bed or head per turn of the lead screw. Affects resolution and motion smoothness.
Z-Probe
A sensor (e.g., BLTouch, inductive, strain gauge) used to detect the bed surface for automatic leveling.
Z-Resolution
The vertical precision of a printer, determined by layer height settings and hardware tolerances.
Z-Rotation (Modeling)
Rotating a model around the vertical axis, useful for part orientation in slicing and assembly prep.
Z-Screw Misalignment
When the lead screw is not perpendicular or parallel to the gantry, causing skewed or inconsistent layer height.
Z-Seam Alignment
The control of where each new layer starts on the Z-axis. Can be aligned, randomized, or hidden.
Z-Start Layer (Raft)
The base layer height when printing with a raft, typically larger to improve adhesion and compensate for irregular beds.
Z-Stop Block
A mechanical hard-stop used to define Z travel limits or assist in sensor-less homing.
Z-Tolerance
The acceptable variation in vertical measurement. High Z-tolerance is needed for fine detail or interlocking parts.
Z-Wobble
A repetitive defect in vertical surfaces caused by inconsistencies in Z-axis motion, often due to bent rods or misaligned lead screws.
Zits
Tiny bumps or blobs on the surface of a print, usually caused by improper retraction or travel end/start points.
Zombie Print
A half-failed print that keeps running long after the part has detached or failed, often resulting in a spaghetti monster.
#
25 Terms.3MF (3D Manufacturing Format)
A modern 3D file format that stores geometry, colors, materials, supports, and printer settings. Developed by the 3MF Consortium.
.AMF (Additive Manufacturing File Format)
An XML-based file format that supports multiple materials, units, and model hierarchies. Rarely used but more powerful than STL.
.GCODE
A printer instruction file format containing layer-by-layer movement, extrusion, and temperature commands.
.OBJ
A 3D model file format that supports geometry, texture mapping, and material definitions. Widely used in full-color or animation pipelines.
.STL (Stereolithography File Format)
The most common 3D printing format, storing surface geometry as a mesh of triangles. Lacks texture or material data.
@LayerChange Script
A G-code command that triggers a predefined action (like a pause, sound, or lighting effect) when a specific layer is reached.
# of Shells
A slicer parameter defining how many outer walls (perimeters) are printed for each layer.
°C / °F (Temperature Notation)
Standard units used to measure hotend, bed, and chamber temperatures. Most slicers and printers default to °C.
=+Z Offset
An adjustment to raise the nozzle slightly from its default zero height, typically used to fine-tune first-layer adhesion.
$ Codes (Firmware Commands)
Special syntax used in some printer firmware systems (e.g., Marlin, GRBL, Klipper) to set parameters like acceleration or motor steps.
0.2mm Nozzle
An extra-fine nozzle diameter used for high-detail prints. Requires slow speeds and fine-tuned retraction.
0.4mm Nozzle
The industry-standard nozzle diameter for FDM printers. Balances detail and speed, and works well for general-purpose prints.
0.6mm Nozzle
A larger nozzle that allows for faster printing and thicker extrusion lines. Used for strength or draft-quality parts.
1.75mm Filament
The most common filament diameter, offering precise extrusion and compatibility with most hobbyist and prosumer FDM printers.
10 Micron Layer Height
A fine-resolution print setting (0.01mm) typically used in SLA/MSLA printing for detailed parts like jewelry or dental models.
100% Infill
A slicer setting that creates a completely solid part, used for maximum strength, weight, or machinability.
2.85mm Filament
A less common filament diameter, typically used in Ultimaker-style or industrial FDM machines. Not interchangeable with 1.75mm.
3D Model
A digital, three-dimensional representation of an object, typically saved in STL, OBJ, or 3MF format for printing.
3D Pen
A handheld extrusion device that uses thermoplastic filament to draw 3D objects freehand.
3D Printing
The additive process of building up physical objects layer-by-layer from a digital file, typically using thermoplastics, resin, or metal powders.
3D Scanner
A device that captures real-world object geometry and converts it into a digital mesh or point cloud.
3D Touch / BLTouch
An auto-bed leveling probe with a retractable pin that physically senses the build surface.
3MF Consortium
A collaboration between Microsoft, Autodesk, and others to develop the .3MF file format for rich additive manufacturing data exchange.
404 Error (Model Not Found)
Joking slang for when a model or file fails to load in a slicer or a download link is broken.
5-Axis Printing
An advanced printing method where the bed or print head moves along five degrees of freedom, allowing curved surfaces and complex geometries without support.
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